Alexander the Great Western Civilization

Alexander the Great (Alexander III of Macedon) was an ancient Greek ruler and the king of the state of Macedon (Cummings, 2004, p.54). He was a student of Aristotle, and established a vast empire by the time he was 30 years of age. The empire stretched from the Ionian Sea to the Himalayas, and was a sign of his greatness.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Alexander the Great: Western Civilization – Research Paper specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Alexander won every battle and expanded his empire by conquering smaller empires whose armies were not as powerful as his. He assumed the throne after the assassination of his father, Philip II of Macedon in 336 BC (Cummings, 2004, p.54). A well-established kingdom and a strong army were some of the reasons why he became so great. In his capacity as an army commander, politician, king, explorer and scholar, Alexander used several strategies to expand his emp ire that encompassed people from different ethnic backgrounds. He had immense influence on western civilization mainly because he introduced the Greek language, science and culture to the new empires that he conquered in an effort to expand his empire (Cummings, 2004, p.58). Discussion Alexander used his powerful army to conquer the world during his time. Whenever he conquered new empires, he introduced the Greek language, science knowledge and other aspects of Greek civilization (Noble, 2008, p.95). As an explorer, Alexander discovered that the world extended beyond the Indus River. He made this discovery with the aid of his geographers who helped him to explore new lands. In addition, he introduced certain aspects of different cultures that he felt were useful in conquering more empires and continuing his reign. One of the main influences of Alexander on western civilization was his policies on commerce. He established roads that facilitated commerce with the western world after c onquering Persia (Noble, 2008, p.96). These roads were in existence before but inaccessible to the western world because they were under the control of the Persians. This monopoly diminished the chances of the western world of trading and conducting commerce with India, China, Bactria and many other countries that were famous for their trade acumen at that time.Advertising Looking for research paper on history? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The opening of these roads established trade between the west and these countries. This led to the introduction of precious metals and stones, jewelry and jade to the west (Noble, 2008, p.97). For example, Silk Road is one of the many roads that Alexander the Great opened to the western world. These roads exposed the west to other parts of the world. Alexander combined his capacities as king and scholar to establish and develop his empires. In order to control the populations of the empir es that he conquered, he adopted some of their traditions. This led to the establishment of an ideological king, a concept that ensured that the kingdom remained strong. However, it split into three empires after his demise due to bad leadership (Noble, 2008, p.99). Alexander had a significant influence because of his brilliant thinking. He envisioned a massive empire that constituted many states under his control. In today’s context, the empire that Alexander built can be compared to the United States of America. His extraordinary ideas enabled him to conquer other empires and encompass them under his rule. The spread of the Greek language to other parts of the world was due to the introduction of the Macedonian culture to the Persian Empire. The introduction of the Greek language led to its adoption in governing and ruling the empire. This encompassed many people under a common language and introduced the cultures, thoughts, ideas and beliefs of other empires (Spielvogel, 2 011, p.96). For example, the translation of the Old Testament in Greek introduced Christianity to the western world. The Old Testament was originally in Hebrew and was limited to people who understood that language. The translation was initially intended for Hebrews who had lived in other places for long periods, and therefore, unable to read in the Hebrew language. However, this brought the Jewish theology to other parts of the world. This theology introduced the concept of monotheism that formed the basis of Christianity for the western world (Spielvogel, 2011, p.92). Alexander the Great influenced the establishment of religion in the west through popularizing the Greek language. The Greek language made the introduction of the New Testament possible and was phenomenal in promoting Christianity (Spielvogel, 2011, p.93). The most influential change on western civilization was the concept of monotheism (Spielvogel, 2011, p.96). This was the basis for the founding of Christianity. It all started with the dispersion of Jews into different regions due to war and violence. Gradually, these immigrants led to the adoption of Greek as a common language. As a result, many Jews spoke Greek and started translating their literature into the Greek language. The most notable was the translation of the bible. In addition, the Hellenist world had monumental influence on the spread of Christianity to the west. For example, Paul was a Jew from Tarsus who incorporated some Hellenistic elements in his teaching. This made the teachings pleasant to many people who responded by embracing Christianity (Spielvogel, 2011, p.97).Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Alexander the Great: Western Civilization – Research Paper specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Alexander introduced Hellenism and the Greek culture that were pivotal in the founding of the renaissance and the Enlightenment movements (Staufenberg, 2011, p.52). After his death, people became more knowledgeable than they were before his death. They became aware of the fact that the world was much larger than it was thought to be during Alexander’s reign. Therefore, they explored more lands and travelled to many places. This marked the commencement of the modern world. History teaches that the modern world began with the renaissance because the Hellenistic period was partially responsible for civilization. This is because most of the advancements during the era of Alexander became obsolete as the empire crumbled after his death (Staufenberg, 2011, p.53). During the middle ages, people wallowed in ignorance and retrogressed from the progress that was initiated by Alexander’s rule. Progress began again when the Turks took over Byzantium and when Christians began to migrate to Rome (Staufenberg, 2011, p.58). They introduced the culture and the civilization that was promoted by Alexander the Great. Another aspect of A lexander’s rule that had a significant impact on western civilization was his economic policies. Alexander’s reign was highly influential to the economy of the Mediterranean basin. This resulted in enormous social and economic changes that had a positive effect on the west (Staufenberg, 2011, p.62). These social and economic changes influenced other areas such as medicine and philosophy. For example, Alexandria was the center of medical research. Researchers learned how to carry out surgical operations and diagnose various diseases (Staufenberg, 2011, p.65). These medical advancements reached the west and formed a basis for their medical fields that are among the most advanced in the world today. Under Alexander’s reign, there was immense spread of the Hellenistic civilization that made Greek the language that was used to conduct business. Under a common language, trade prospered and Alexandria became the center of trade. It was famous for the manufacture and im portation of products. The products that were produced by the Egyptians included silk, wine, cosmetics, cloth, salt, glass, beer and paper (Staufenberg, 2011, p.72). In the western parts of Asia, common products included asphalt, carpets, petroleum, drugs and woolens. The effect of trade on the involved regions was immense. During the years that followed the death of Alexander, the region of Judea became inhabited by Greek merchants and government officials.Advertising Looking for research paper on history? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Gradually, these new inhabitants began to â€Å"Hellenize† the original inhabitants of the region. In addition, there was dispersion and migration as violence erupted in different parts of the empire. As they moved to new places, they carried their civilization and brought about various changes in the culture of the inhabitants. As a scholar, Alexander had strong interests in science, mathematics, geometry, arts and literature. It is difficult to determine in which of these fields Alexander had the greatest influence on the western civilization. The artwork created by the great artists of the Hellenistic era is similar to that of the renaissance artists that is common today (Spielvogel, 2011, p.103). This implies that the Hellenistic period influenced the work of artists that lived during the renaissance period. For example, today’s cities are designed using a grid plan that was developed by Hippodamus of Miletus (Spielvogel, 2011, p.106). In addition, the geometry dev eloped by Archimedes is used in the building and construction industry. Literature from the era is still available today, and the fields of history and chronology were established during the same era (Spielvogel, 2011, p.108). All these aspects of the Hellenistic period were vital in developing the western civilization. The development of these aspects was made possible by the rule of Alexander the Great, and the western world owes its civilization to him. Conclusion Alexander the Great (Alexander III of Macedon) was an ancient Greek ruler in the state of Macedon. He assumed the throne after the assassination of his father, Philip II of Macedon in 336 BC. A strong army and a well-established kingdom were some of the reasons why he became so influential. In his many capacities as an army commander, politician, king, explorer and a scholar, Alexander used several strategies to expand his empire that included people from different ethnic backgrounds. The most influential change on west ern civilization was the concept of monotheism. This was the basis for the founding of Christianity. He had a significant influence on western civilization mainly because he introduced the Greek language and science to the new empires that he conquered as he tried to expand his empire. He influenced western civilization through art, literature, science and geometry. These aspects were critical in developing the western civilization. He had immense influence on western civilization mainly because he introduced the Greek language, science and culture to the new empires that he conquered in an effort to expand his empire. Alexander the Great had significant influence on western civilization, and the western world owes its civilization to him. References Cummings, L. (2004). Alexander the Great. New York: Grove Press. Noble, T. 92008). Western Civilization: Beyond Boundaries. Stamford, Connecticut: Cengage Learning. Spielvogel, J. (2011). Western Civilization. Stamford, Connecticut: Cen gage Learning. Staufenberg, G. (2011). Building Blocks of Western Civilization. New York: Xlibris Corporation. This research paper on Alexander the Great: Western Civilization was written and submitted by user Isabella Singleton to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

The Counterpane Essay Example

The Counterpane Essay Example The Counterpane Essay The Counterpane Essay Essay Topic: Moby Dick The Counterpane: An Objective Perspective on the Relationship Between Ishmael and Queequeg In this essay I will be discussing the queer (peculiar) relationship of two characters from the novel, Moby Dick by Herman Melville. The two characters of focus are Ishmael, the main protagonist, and Queequeg, a harpooner that Ishmael encounters. I will examine the growth of their relationship since their meeting and study their interactions with one another as the story progresses. I will interpret the significance of their behavior using examples of imagery and tone used in the novel. In Moby Dick, by Herman Melville, Ishmael and Queequeg form a strong bond that develops over the course of their adventure. Their relationship is more intense than the average friendship between men. Quotes such as hearts honeymoon and cozy, loving pair suggest a sense of matrimony between them. Ishmael is shown to care for Queequeg a great deal. He became fearful for Queequegs well-being Get the axe! For Gods sake, run for the doctor, some one, while I pry it open! It is also apparent that Ishmael greatly admires Queequeg. He seems to be very interested in his muscular physique, reveling his brawny shoulder. I believe that by analyzing the imagery and tone of the novel, their relationship can be depicted as more than a common friendship. Ishmael and Queequegs relationship is more affectionate and emotional than a common male friendship, this can be seen through specific uses of imagery. At first Ishmael was hesitant to share a bed with the mysterious harpooner, but after much explanation Ishmael found that Queequeg was actually polite and kind man. There is then much less tension as they shared a bed. Ishmael describes how Queequegs arm was thrown over him in the most loving and affectionate anner and how he could have been mistaken for his wife. Thus, then, in our hearts honeymoon, lay I and Queequeg, a cozy, loving pair. This imagery gives the impression of a sort of matrimony between the two of them that is uncommon in men, especially at their age. As the story progresses it becomes apparent that Ishmael cares deeply for Queequeg and his well being. Get the axe! For Gods sake, run for the doctor, someone, while I pry it open! Ishmaels tone of desperation is evidence of genuinely caring about Queequeg. From that hour I clove to Queequeg ike a barnacle, this imagery shows how tightly Ishmael embraced Queequeg after he returned from the sea, having Just saved the bumpkin. watched as Queequeg was revealing his brawny shoulders through the freezing foam, and seemed to ogle the grand and glorious fellow. The descriptiveness of each detail shows how much attention Ishmael was paying to Queequegs muscular physique. When Ishmael refers to him as My brave Queequeg as he dives to rescue a crew member shows his admiration for Queequegs vigilance in the face of danger. Queequeg and Ishmael have grown to trust each other with their lives. l seemed to istinctively perceive that my own individuality was now merged in a Joint stick of two. Ishmaels tone signifies that he understands and accepts that Queequegs life is in hands. . we were bosom friends; he would gladly die for me, if the need should be. This shows Queequeg too, trusted Ishmael enough to put his life on the line for him. Ishmael and Queequeg have grown very close since their first encounter and have continued to support each other. Friendships like these are uncommon among men at their age. Their interactions, along with the tone and imagery of the novel suggest that in the end they are more than Just friends.

Contingent Liabilities Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Contingent Liabilities - Essay Example From this definition, it can be viewed from two aspects. The first aspect of the definition of provisions describe that the provisions are actually the liability. Provisions are directly referred to as the liabilities of the business but not the usual and general liabilities which are recognized in the balance sheet of the business. Provisions are the special type of liability of the business that is described as another head in the capital and liabilities portion of the balance sheet. The other main feature described by the definition of the provisions is that it is a liability of uncertain amount and uncertain timing. It means that the provisions are not certain in terms of their amount and timing but their nature is known to the accountant. It is known that a certain expense of certain type is going to take place in the future but the exact amount and exact time of the expense is not known to the accountant of the business. Therefore, provisions are the best estimates of the expenses that are going to take place in the future. Liability is defined in the International Accounting Standards as the present obligation as a result of past events and the settlement of which is expected to result in an outflow of resources. This definition of liabilities also describes the nature and the expected outcome of the liability on the overall business. Hence, a liability is a present obligation which has arisen due to the result of past events and in order to settle that obligation it is probable that the outflow of resources will happen in the near future. Hence the provision is the preparation of the liability whose amount and timing is uncertain but there is surety that the liability will arise at some point in time sooner or later in the future. The concept of provisions provide the accountants with a cushion time to get themselves prepared for the issues that are to rise in the future and therefore, save money for the settlement of future liabilities in the present time. The main point in the provisions is that it is the best estimate of the future amount in present time. IAS 37 recognizes the problem of provisions in accounting and provides a rule to recognize the provision s in the balance sheet. IAS 37 says that the provisions should be recognized by an entity if and only if: a present obligation (legal or constructive) has arisen as a result of a past event (the obligating event), payment is probable ('more likely than not'), and The amount can be estimated reliably. These are the rules which tell the entity when to recognize a provision in the balance sheet. Firstly an obligation has arisen as a result of past events and it is also probable that the payment is to be made for that obligation and the amount of the payment can be reliably measured. These rules are used in many countries of the world to recognize the provisions in the balance sheets of the businesses and are successful in addressing the problem of provision recognition in the balance sheet. Provisions provide the detailed information about liabilities facing the entity. Liabilities like trade creditors etc. provide the information about the liabilities of the business to be paid by the business and the amount and timing of which are certain at present. However, the presence of provisions in the entity's balance sheet prepares those responsible for decision making, to arrange and save the

A COMMUNICATION STRATEGY FOR WREST PARK Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

A COMMUNICATION STRATEGY FOR WREST PARK - Essay Example Message – Content, Structure, Format The format is a general letter (text provided in report) which also contains photographs in strategically-placed parts of the page. The text is the central part of the page. The Communication Message The communication message will promote the beauty of the place as well as noting several recently completed revitalization projects which have completed and would be worthwhile to experience. It will also point out other attractions which people would be interested in. How to Deliver the Message The message will be delivered by website on the Internet, Facebook, Twitter and other social media components, and through new media, such as emails and text messages with links, to registered customers through smart phones. Groupon can also be utilized as part of the coupon process for receiving the discount. Deciding Who the Messenger is The messenger is the Chief Executive of the English Heritage Organization who is an integral part of the operations for Wrest Park and would be the most likely person to act as the messenger. Analysing the Strategy Success The returns can be analysed through how many people sign up for memberships at the reduced rate and who purchase the Groupon coupon. Social media sites can provide returns on pay-per-click through ads and banner ads, as well as QR codes scanned, which lead to the website. The Report – Part II Introduction Wrest Park is located ? miles east of Silsoe which is halfway between Luton and Bedfordshire on A6. Wrest Park is considered to be the birth place of the traditional English garden and currently is a beautiful showcase developed over three centuries, consisting of French, Dutch, Italian and English garden landscapes, added on over the years. It is an inspirational journey through art in landscaping. There is plenty to see and do here at the park, including shopping, visiting the cafe for lunch, checking in at the visitor’s centre for all the places to visit on t he grounds, including travel cart rental sign-up. Visitors can visit the Wrest Park mansion to see the home where the de Grey family has lived for over 600 years and also visit the formal gardens just behind the mansion (Wrest Park Online 2012). Building the Communication Strategy The goal of any communication strategy is to inform the target market about the product or the service, and in this case, it is the Wrest Park as a historically artistic landscape. The goal is to provide a communication which brings in more customers who will pay fees to enter and walk or ride through the park, shop and eat lunch at the grounds cafe. The money brought in will help sustain the operations in maintaining the park to its fullest grandeur as a historical archive in landscape art. The more people who know about the park and visit it, the more they will share their experiences with others who will, in turn, come to visit too. The park has many benefits and features for visitors and it is importan t to emphasize those (Boone 1999). The communication strategy is developed first with determining the target audience through research, which also includes members on the database, then deciding on the objectives of the communication message. The next part is designing the message through content, structure and format. Following that process comes the important part of deciding how to send out the message to the right target audience to maximize the return on investment (ROI). The last part is deciding where the message comes from. The communication must be accurate, timely and relevant (Jain 1997: Zikmund

Design Exercise Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 5000 words

Design Exercise - Essay Example This necessities the use of a public address system(PA). The PA system requires special design as they must be tailor made to meet the client's specifications and wants. It is therefore necessary to design the PA systems using an organized procedure such as the Pahl and Beitz method. The process involves the surveying of the customer's needs and wants, generating some demands and wishes from the client, developing of the solution using a function analysis matrix and finally developing the product using the information from the demands and the function analysis. After the development of the product, it is tested for its overall suitability particular in satisfying the customers wants and needs, if the product is found unsuitable or with some limits, it is necessary to redesign and reconfigure the product to ensure that it satisfy the customer needs and promotes usability engineering and ergonomic principles. The power supply: This is the system that supplies the public address unit with electrical power that is used to run the whole PA system. The most common types power supplied include the alternating current (AC) and the direct current (DC). Most PA system use direct current while most of the commercially available power is in form of AC supplied at 240 Volts or 110 volts. Rectifier unit or DC adapter This adapter is used for the conversion of AC power to DC power. Some of the PA systems incorporate this gadget inside the systems while others have the same system incorporated outside as a separate unit The amplifier unit The amplifier unit is used for amplification of the voice signal. The amplifier receives low power electrical signal and amplify the signals to high power and voltage which is fed to the loud speaker systems. Amplifier uses the transistors, MOSFET devices, field effects transistors (FET), CMOS and operational amplifiers circuit to provide gain to the input signal. The microphone unit The microphone unit is used for changing voice sound to an electrical signal that can be amplified by the amplifier. Upon receiving the sound signal, the crystal microphone vibrate generating a small electrical current that is fed to the amplifier The mixer The mixer is used for signal conditioning, this helps is controlling the voice produced by the amplifier unit. The mixer enhances the audibility of the sound

Interdisciplinary and Multidisciplinary Approaches to Sport and Exercise

Interdisciplinary and Multidisciplinary Approaches to Sport and Exercise Critically discuss interdisciplinary and multidisciplinary approaches to sport and exercise science within the professional experience undertaken in term 1. Support your answers with relevant literature and theory The advance in sports professionalism and the increasing intensity of competition has made a scientific approach to sport vital to monitoring and improving performance (Campbel. 2007). British expertise in sport and exercise science is reflected in the growing number of postgraduate qualifications that offer the chance to study new and exciting developments. The applications of scientific principles are studied by examining three branches of science biomechanics, physiology and psychology although this knowledge is applied differently to each of the sport and exercise disciplines. Sport science largely offers expert scientific backup for top sport training and performance, while exercise science has a central role in physical programmes aimed at improving general health (Campbel.2007). The qualified sport and exercise scientist can expect to have a broad technical, physiological and psychological knowledge, and stands to benefit from current developments within the field offering a professional status. Although research within sport and exercise science is done in many different disciplines, the majority of published research is mono-disciplinary. Burwitz et al (1994) defined mono-disciplinary as a singular discipline in nature. A professional experience was undertaken to assess the approaches to inter and multi-disciplinary within sport and exercise science research. The experience was of a sport science nature which involved the participation of a newly created test, designed to monitor endurance performance. The test focused on heart rate response, ground contact times and oxygen uptake whilst running on a treadmill at sub maximal speeds. The data collected from this test will, as a result, be used to better the understanding of factors that contribute to endurance performance and importantly to easily be able to measure these factors. A similar study created by Blackadar et al (2001) found that the measurements of ground contact times and heart rate response during level runnin g at chosen speed can provide accurate estimates of maximal aerobic power. Carpenter and Ledger (2004) suggests that an understanding of physiological factors is essential for anyone involved in sport (coach or performer), appreciation of this is vital in developing effective training programmes and optimising performance. This essay will outline what multi and interdisciplinary approaches to sport and exercise science are. It will then delineate how the two approaches can be applied to the professional experience undertaken. An Interdisciplinary approach within sport and exercise science involves a partnership of coaches with sport and exercise scientists such as physiologists or psychologists. Miles et al (1997) defines an interdisciplinary approach as more than one area of sport and exercise science working together in an integrated and co-ordinated manner to solve a problem. Interdisciplinary research needs to involve a strong integration of information from more than one sub-discipline of sport and exercise science from the outset of a particular research programme (Burwitz et al. 1994). Williams and James (2001) developed a model to demonstrate interdisciplinary approaches, where the goal of the sport or exercise is affected by each area involved. Multidisciplinary research involves less integration of the sub-disciplines of sport and exercise science. Each discipline tends to work in parallel on a common topic (Burwitz et al. 1994). Just like interdisciplinary, it involves more than one sport working together but the difference being they work together in an isolated, unitary and co-ordinated manner (Miles et al 1997). In a multidisciplinary approach each discipline will look for problems to a solution from within only that discipline, for example, a physiologist will look at how the body responds to exercise; each discipline will then assemble their findings. Alternatively in an interdisciplinary approach, the physiologist may work together with a biomechanist to look at if rate of fatigue changes with different technique (Burwitz et al. 1994). The deficient in the integration of sub-disciplines from the outset of sport and exercise science may be resultant to the multidisciplinary research, thus, making it harder to integra te them together whilst trying to bring about an interdisciplinary approach to problem solving. The majority of sport and exercise science research is mono-disciplinary (Burwitz et al 1994) but introducing the involvement of multi and interdisciplinary research will help to improve the overall standard of research. It will bond together more than one discipline of sport and exercise science such as physiology and biomechanics, consequently, improving the ability to solve problems such as injury, fatigue and poor technique. More than one approach working together as a team will combine their knowledge and methods from their different areas to be able to solve a problem. Regardless of these resemblances, fundamental disparities between the two stated approaches are still apparent. Interdisciplinary approaches look to be the best in terms of bringing about improvements as it incorporates the disciplines which take the form of ‘bridge-building (Squires et al 1975). This requires an amalgamation of expert knowledge from diverse disciplines concentrating on a precise problem. Contrastingly, multidisciplinary approaches gather rather than combine knowledge; consequently the sub-disciplines work independently during the research processes before coming together to reach a conclusion about a stated problem (Burwitz et al 1994). Burwitz et al (1994) believes that an interdisciplinary approach will disclose possible conflicts between the disciplines. As there are direct dealings among sub-disciplines, a view given by one area could be disputed by another. This is less likely to occur in multi-disciplinary approaches as the disciplines do not work in dir ect contact with one another. Despite the above examples, no clear definition is given of the distinctions between the two approaches because many sport and exercise scientists have regarded multi and inter-disciplinary as synonymous terms (Burwitz et al 1994). The professional experience undertaken was involved with sport science; Smith (2001) describes sport science as being characterised by collaborations with coaches and performance directors. The experience undertaken was first and foremost a physiological approach. Researchers have amassed so much knowledge about physical activity that it is now a separate academic field of study within the biological sciences (Katch et al 2000). Physiology of exercise can be defined as the study of how the body responds and adapts to exercise and importantly identifies physiological characteristics that explain rather than simply describe performance and also focus on ways to improve performance (Bromley et al 2007). Middle distance running is a sport that utilises this definition very well. In this event, oxidative phosphorylation represents the principal energy-producing metabolic pathway and, therefore, it is not surprising that the parameters of fitness which correlate most closely with performance are those related to oxygen uptake (VO2max), the various oxygen uptake required to run at different speeds (running economy), and the oxygen uptake that can be sustained without appreciable accumulation of lactate in the blood (Jones. 1998). Understanding the pr inciples of these factors will contribute to improving endurance performance, and as a result enable an athlete to overcome these issues and improve them. During the professional experience questions were put to the researcher regarding the involvement of other disciplines to determine the dimension of the research. These questions were: ‘are there any other areas of sport and exercise science e.g. biomechanist, psychologist, etc, other than yourself (a physiologist) present to help assess the data gathered from the research? ‘Will the results of the research be collated with other disciplines and fed back to the performer? The response from the questions asked clearly demonstrated that the research being carried out was of a mono-disciplinary nature as there was no interaction with other disciplines of sport science. As discussed, an increase in the need from multi or interdisciplinary in sport and exercise science, would have much improved this study as more than one a re of sport and exercise science being involved would have given feedback to an athlete, therefore increasing the value. The research itself was looking at the reliability and validity of a heart rate by looking at its response to ground contact times whilst running on a treadmill to see if it can be used to predict endurance performance. As well as being assessed physiologically, the researcher may have advised the athlete to be assessed by a biomechanist, this may show results that running technique could affect fatigue, for example, the biomechanist could get the athlete to run over a force plate, and the force generated on the plate could show that too much force is being exerted and as a result making you fatigue more quickly. This could then be fed back to the physiologist whereby a solution could be put together to rectify this and therefore the enabling the athlete to have a better running efficiency. This would create an interdisciplinary approach as more than one disciplin e is working together in an integrated fashion thus improving feedback to the athlete and as a result give the athlete a much better chance of improving performance. The professional experience undertaken was shown to be mono-disciplinary as it was a test focusing solely on the physiological changes of an athlete whilst performing a treadmill run. As discussed above, introducing further dimensions may have been more beneficial to the athlete as they receive more feedback of ways to improve. However the test was a funded study by a recognised middle distance running corporation (The British Milers Club) to specifically look at the monitoring of endurance performance and the introduction of other disciplines may have confused the findings and taken away the aims of the study.

Hope Leslie, The Perfect Storm, and Dinosaur in a Haystack :: Persuasive Writing Essays

Hope Leslie, The Perfect Storm, and Dinosaur in a Haystack The three books, Hope Leslie, by Catharine Maria Sedgwick, The Perfect Storm, by Sebastian Junger, and Dinosaur in a Haystack, by Stephen Jay Gould, each persuade the reader to see a one sided story. The reader believes each author and allows himself to be persuaded for two reasons. One reason is he has confidence in the writer because he has not researched the 16th century, nor ever delved into the scientific world of evolution, nor investigated the perfect storm that sunk the Andrea Gail. Sedgwick did research the sixteenth century in order to write her novel about the puritans and Indians. Gould is an accredited scientist and has researched the scientific theory of evolution. Junger actually interviewed the family and friends of the real people that died on the Andrea Gail, and investigated the weather conditions to write his novel. On the other hand, The readers that do know about the 16th century, or evolution, or the storm can agree with or dispute the author or dispute him or her. In Hope Leslie, Sedgwick tells a fictional story about a puritan family's tragic separation caused by an Indian family during the historic colonization of the New World. She presents her story line from the puritan's point of view. Sedgwick has one of her puritan characters say, "I had rather meet a legion of Frenchmen than a company of these savages. They are a kind of beast we don’t comprehend-out of the range of God’s creatures-neither angel [or] man..."(42). The Indians are made out to be savages and evil beasts. The uninformed reader that reads Catherine Sedgwick's novel is convinced that this lie true and becomes angry towards the Indians. He is overcome by Sedgwick's persuasiveness and completely agrees with her that the Indians were savages and had no right to murder the Fletchers. In reality, both sides are equally cruel to each other. The Indians kill and separate the puritan Fletcher family only because members of their tribe and family had been killed and se parated from the rest of the tribe. An informed reader knows about the tragedies that both the Indians and puritans endured during this time. He can read Sedgwick's novel and agree with her, or dispute her. Obviously, she has researched the sixteenth century and knows both sides of the story. However, Sedgwick only tells the reader about both families' tragedies in such a way that it seems justified for the puritans to have killed the Indian family, but bloodthirsty for the Indians to have killed the